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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare alignment efficiency and root resorption between nickel-titanium (NiTi) and copper-nickel-titanium (CuNiTi) archwires after complete alignment in mandibular anterior region. Methods: In this two-arm parallel single-blind randomized controlled trial, forty-four patients with Class I malocclusion with mandibular anterior crowding were recruited form orthodontic clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Jodhpur, India). Patients were randomly allocated into NiTi and CuNiTi groups, with a 1:1 allocation. Alignment was performed using 0.014-in, 0.016-in, 0.018-in, 0.019x0.025-in archwire sequence in the respective groups, which terminated in 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless-steel working archwire. The primary outcome was alignment efficiency, measured on study models from baseline (T0) to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth-month (T5). Secondary outcome was root resorption, measured from CBCT scans taken at T0 and T5. Mixed-factorial ANOVA was used to compare Little's Irregularity Index (LII). For assessing the proportion of patients with complete alignment at the end of each month, Kaplan-Meier survival curve was built and time to treatment completion was compared between groups using log rank test. Paired t-test was used to assess external apical root resorption (EARR) within groups, whereas independent t-test was used to evaluate LII and EARR between the groups. Results: Twenty-two patients were recruited in each group. One patient was lost to follow-up in the CuNiTi group. No statistically significant differences were observed in alignment efficiency between the groups (p>0.05). Intergroup comparison revealed that the changes in root measurement in three-dimensions were not statistically significant (p>0.05), except for mandibular right central incisor, which showed increased resorption at root apex in NiTi group (p<0.01). Conclusion: The two alignment archwires showed similar rate of alignment at all time points. Root resorption measurement did not differ between the NiTi and CuNiTi groups, except for the mandibular right central incisor, which showed more resorption in NiTi group.
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os fios de níquel-titânio (NiTi) e de cobre-níquel-titânio (CuNiTi) quanto à eficiência do alinhamento e quantidade de reabsorção radicular, após alinhamento completo dos dentes da região anterior inferior. Métodos: Neste estudo clínico randomizado, cego, paralelo, de dois braços, quarenta e quatro pacientes com má oclusão Classe I e apinhamento anterior inferior foram recrutados na clínica ortodôntica do All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Jodhpur, India). Os pacientes foram alocados aleatoriamente nos grupos NiTi e CuNiTi, na proporção de 1:1. O alinhamento foi realizado usando a sequência de fios 0,014", 0,016", 0,018" e 0,019" x 0,025" nos respectivos grupos, finalizando com o arco de trabalho 0,019" x 0,025" de aço inoxidável. O desfecho primário foi a eficiência do alinhamento, medida nos modelos de estudo nos tempos inicial (T0) e após um, dois, três, quatro e cinco meses (T5). O desfecho secundário foi a reabsorção radicular, medida a partir de tomografias computadorizadas realizadas em T0 e T5. ANOVA fatorial mista foi utilizada para comparar o Índice de Irregularidade de Little (IIL). Para avaliar a proporção de pacientes com alinhamento completo ao fim de cada mês, foi construída uma curva de sobrevida pelo método de Kaplan-Meier, e o tempo até o fim do tratamento foi comparado entre os grupos por meio do teste log-rank. Um teste t pareado foi utilizado para avaliar a reabsorção radicular apical externa (RRAE) dentro dos grupos, enquanto um teste t independente foi utilizado para avaliar o IIL e a RRAE entre os grupos. Resultados: Vinte e dois pacientes foram recrutados em cada grupo. Um paciente perdeu o acompanhamento no grupo CuNiTi. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quanto à eficiência do alinhamento (p>0,05). A comparação intergrupos revelou que as alterações na RRAE medida em três dimensões não foram estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05), exceto para o incisivo central inferior direito, que apresentou aumento da RRAE no grupo NiTi (p<0,01). Conclusão: Os dois tipos de fios de alinhamento apresentaram taxa de alinhamento semelhante em todos os momentos. A medida da reabsorção radicular não diferiu entre o grupo NiTi e CuNiTi, exceto para o incisivo central inferior direito, que apresentou maior reabsorção no grupo NiTi.
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Acute-on-chronic liver failure is an acute deterioration of liver function manifesting as jaundice and coagulopathy with the development of ascites, with a high probability of extrahepatic organ involvement and high 28-day mortality. The pathogenesis involves extensive hepatic necrosis, which is associated with severe systemic inflammation and subsequently causes the cytokine storm, leading to portal hypertension, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. These patients have increased gut permeability, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) in the blood, leading to hyper-immune activation and the secretion of cytokines, followed by immune paralysis, causing the development of infections and organ failure in a proportion of patients. Early detection and the institution of treatment, especially in the "Golden Window" period of 7 days, gives an opportunity for reversal of the syndrome. Scores like the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) ACLF research consortium (AARC) score, a model for end stage liver disease (MELD), and the CLIF Consortium acute-on-chronic liver failure (CLIF-C ACLF) score can help in the prediction of mortality. Treatment strategy includes treatment of acute insult. Patients should be considered for early transplant with MELD score >28, AARC score >10, high-grade hepatic encephalopathy, and in the absence of >2 organ failure or overt sepsis to improve survival of up to 80% at five years. Patients, with no option of transplant, can be treated with emerging therapies like faecal microbial transplant, plasma exchange, etc., which need further evaluation.
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Background: Critically ill (CI) patients, especially those requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) are at a higher risk of malnutrition, which in turn is associated with increased hospitalization and excess mortality. The modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score, a predictor of mortality, has not been validated adequately in CI Indian patients. Thus, this study evaluated the mNUTRIC score as a prognostic marker of morbidity and mortality in CI patients requiring MV. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was performed, between January 2018 and June 2019, in the intensive critical care unit (ICCU) of the medicine department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 250 patients aged above 12 years, admitted in ICCU, and requiring MV for >48 hours were included. Based on the data collected, mNUTRIC score was calculated and patients were classified as at low (0–4) and high (5–9) nutritional risk. Mortality was the outcome variable. Results: More than a quarter of patients had a high mNUTRIC score (28.4%) and the overall mortality was 35.6%. A significantly greater proportion of non-survivors had a high mNUTRIC score (p-value<0.0001). Likewise, the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and mNUTRIC score (all p-values<0.0001) were significantly higher among the non-survivors than the survivors. On receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cutoff value of >2 predicted mortality [area under the curve (AUC): 0.83; 95% confidence interval: 0.778–0.874] with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 80.9, 76.4, 65.5, and 87.9%, respectively. Conclusion: At a cutoff of >2, mNUTRIC score had high sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of mortality.
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Context: The widely accepted caries risk assessment tools such as the Cariogram model needs modifications in the scoring of different factors for reliable results. Aims: The study was aimed to report the caries experience in 3?60 years of the Rajasthan population and to apply the newly derived average decayed exfoliated filled teeth/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (deft/DMFT) scores in the Cariogram model to assess the caries risk. Settings and Design: The cross?sectional study was planned in the Department of Dentistry and a total of 500 participants were equally divided into five groups (3?6, 7?12, 13?30, 31?44, and 45?60 years) were included. Methods and Material: All participants were examined for caries detection using deft/DMFT, ICDAS, and CAST indices according to the predefined protocol. A single examiner evaluated the participants in a dental operatory and data was recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: One?Way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post?Hoc tests were used to evaluate the significant difference between the groups of each caries index. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the mean deft/ DMFT and CAST scores of 3?6, 7?12, and 13?30 age groups with the 45?60 years age group. Caries prevalence was highest (83%) in 31?44 and 45?60 year age groups and lowest (51%) in the 3?6 year age group. Conclusions: Caries experience scores increase as the age increases and the highest scores were observed in 31?44 and 45?60 year age groups and the lowest were observed in the 3?6 year age group. The average ICDAS and CAST scores were higher when compared to the deft/DMFT index
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Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common ulcerative diseases affecting the general population. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficiency of 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with the topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement over the topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement prescribed alone for treating RAS. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups—experimental group: 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel; and control group: vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel alone. The pain symptoms were evaluated using the VAS scores at baseline and first follow?up visits. The data were analyzed using Student’s t test. Results: A significant reduction in the pain scores was observed in participants using the 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel on the first follow?up visit (P = < 0.001). Conclusion: The 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel had shown more reduction in the pain symptoms when compared to topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement prescribed alone for the treatment of RAS.
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Background: Sepsis is an important healthcare concern in India as well as globally. This study shows how the level of microalbuminuria predict mortality of patients diagnosed with sepsis and those without sepsis. Methods: In this study total 150 patients of which 75 patients belonging to each sepsis and non-sepsis group, with age >15 years admitted in Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were enroled Microalbuminuria levels were analyzed at admission and after 24 hours after admission. Results: Microalbuminuria levels were significantly high in patients with sepsis as compared to non sepsis. Microalbuminuria has highest sensitivity of 90 % and specificity of 98 % to differentiate between sepsis and non sepsis in comparison to APACHE II and SOFA scores. Conclusion: Serial monitoring of bedside urine albumin-creatinine measurement might help in the early identification of patients with sepsis that requires early targeted therapy. The 24-hour ACR assessment predicts ICU survival and may have the potential to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions delivered, such as fluid resuscitation, appropriate antibiotics, vasopressors, and ionotropes that affect the endothelium.
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Background@#The high rate of transmission and infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of major epidemiological concern. No definitive treatments have been established, and vaccinations have only recently begun. We aim to review the efficacy and safety of Interferon Beta (IFN-β) in patients who have a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. @*Materials and Methods@#A search from PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were conducted from December 2019 to December 2020 to review the efficacy and safety of IFN-β in adult patients with COVID-19 confirmed. We included randomized controlled trials, case reports, and experimental studies. Correspondences, letters, editorials, reviews, commentaries, case control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that did not include any new clinical data were excluded. @*Results@#Of the 66 searched studies, 8 were included in our review. These studies demonstrated that although IFN-β did not reduce the time to clinical response, there was an increase in discharge rate at day 14 and a decrease in mortality at day 28. The time to negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was shown to be significantly shortened in patients receiving IFN-β, along with a lower nasopharyngeal viral load.Further, patients receiving IFN-β had a less significant rise in IL-6. IFN-β was shown to decrease intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, the requirement of invasive ventilation in severe cases, and improve the survival rate compared to control groups. There were no severe adverse events reported.Our review found that patients who received early treatment with IFN-β experienced significantly reduced length of hospitalization, mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation. A greater chance of clinical improvement and improved imaging studies was noted in patients who received IFN-β. There were no reported deaths associated with the addition of IFN-β. Further randomized trials involving more significant sample sizes are needed to better understand the effect of IFN-β on survival in COVID-19. @*Conclusion@#This review identified encouraging data and outcomes of incorporating IFN-βto treat COVID-19 patients. IFN-β has been shown to decrease hospital stay's overall length and decrease the severity of respiratory symptoms when added to the standard of care. Also, in some studies, it has been demonstrated to reduce the length of ICU stay, enhance survival rate, and decrease the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. There were minor side effects reported (neuropsychiatric symptoms and hypersensitivity reaction). However, randomized clinical trials with a large sample size are needed to assess IFN-β's benefit precisely.
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Background@#The high rate of transmission and infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of major epidemiological concern. No definitive treatments have been established, and vaccinations have only recently begun. We aim to review the efficacy and safety of Interferon Beta (IFN-β) in patients who have a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. @*Materials and Methods@#A search from PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were conducted from December 2019 to December 2020 to review the efficacy and safety of IFN-β in adult patients with COVID-19 confirmed. We included randomized controlled trials, case reports, and experimental studies. Correspondences, letters, editorials, reviews, commentaries, case control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that did not include any new clinical data were excluded. @*Results@#Of the 66 searched studies, 8 were included in our review. These studies demonstrated that although IFN-β did not reduce the time to clinical response, there was an increase in discharge rate at day 14 and a decrease in mortality at day 28. The time to negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was shown to be significantly shortened in patients receiving IFN-β, along with a lower nasopharyngeal viral load.Further, patients receiving IFN-β had a less significant rise in IL-6. IFN-β was shown to decrease intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, the requirement of invasive ventilation in severe cases, and improve the survival rate compared to control groups. There were no severe adverse events reported.Our review found that patients who received early treatment with IFN-β experienced significantly reduced length of hospitalization, mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation. A greater chance of clinical improvement and improved imaging studies was noted in patients who received IFN-β. There were no reported deaths associated with the addition of IFN-β. Further randomized trials involving more significant sample sizes are needed to better understand the effect of IFN-β on survival in COVID-19. @*Conclusion@#This review identified encouraging data and outcomes of incorporating IFN-βto treat COVID-19 patients. IFN-β has been shown to decrease hospital stay's overall length and decrease the severity of respiratory symptoms when added to the standard of care. Also, in some studies, it has been demonstrated to reduce the length of ICU stay, enhance survival rate, and decrease the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. There were minor side effects reported (neuropsychiatric symptoms and hypersensitivity reaction). However, randomized clinical trials with a large sample size are needed to assess IFN-β's benefit precisely.
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Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure even in the absence of other co-morbidities. The present study is done to assess the diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients and in correlating the grade of dysfunction with various parameters like age, gender, sex, glycaemic control, and microangiopathies associated with diabetes. We wanted to determine as to whether there is an association between diastolic dysfunction and type 2 DM and quantify the relation of LV diastolic dysfunction with age, duration of DM, HbA1c and obesity indices. We also wanted to assess the correlation between diastolic dysfunction and other microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes. METHODSThis is a cross sectional study. The sample size was 75. Assessment of the mitral peak velocity of early filling (E) and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e’), and (E / e’) ratio is used to measure diastolic dysfunction. study was conducted on patients admitted in Goa Medical College. RESULTSAmong 75 subjects studied, 56 subjects (74.6 %) had diastolic dysfunction. There is a correlation of duration of diabetes with grade of diastolic dysfunction with a p value of 0.001. There is a correlation of dipstick proteinuria with grades of diastolic dysfunction with a p value of 0.002. Mean HbA1c in patients with grade 0 dysfunction was 7.93 with standard deviation of 0.86, grade 1 dysfunction was 7.28 with a standard deviation of 0.71, grade 2 dysfunction was 9.72 with standard deviation of 1.86, grade 3 dysfunction was 11.94 with standard deviation of 2.05 with a p value of < 0.001. CONCLUSIONSDiabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the form of diastolic dysfunction in the initial stages. The grade of dysfunction was proportional to duration of diabetes, blood sugar levels, and mean HbA1c. Diastolic dysfunction also correlates with other microvascular complications of diabetes.
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Here we report a 25 years old male patient came to our emergency department with chief complaints of headache from 3 months, blurring of vision 7 days, abdominal pain 7 days, and vomiting from 2 days. Young male, with no known comorbidities, presented to our casualty with headache since, 3 months, episodic in nature, increased over the last 1 week, holocranial, gradually progressive in severity. last recorded Blood pressure outside was 220/120 mmHg and papilledema were noted on fundoscopy. USG abdomen and pelvis, CECT abdomen done and diagnosed to have bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma. Patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy was performed with good intra op BP control. Right adrenals were enlarged and shows multiple nodular lesions, left adrenal noted shows nodular lesions. Surgery remains the first line of management in malignant pheochromocytoma. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine all act on their target receptors, which causes a physiological change in the body. Increase in catecholamines cause severe hypertension and multiple systemic complications like (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular events) and can lead to death if untreated.
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Dental students face various threats during the time of their clinical training and learning, one of those is the possibility to be exposed to blood-borne infections, with the associated risk of HIV. According to UNAIDS, presently there are approximately 36.9 million people living with HIV/AIDS across the globe. The types of exposure which may pose risk to the dentist of acquiring blood-borne pathogens may be; percutaneous injury (e.g., Injury with needle-stick or with a sharp instrument), contact with the mucous membranes of the mouth or eye, contact with non-intact skin (e.g. chapped or abraded skin, or dermatitis affected skin). Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study, conducted among Interns of various dental colleges of Lucknow, U.P. The study population of only 275 BDS interns voluntarily completed the questionnaire. A self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 14 close-ended items was used for data collection. The interns were given the questionnaire at the time of their clinical posting in various departments and were asked to fill it out without discussing it in fifteen minutes. Results: Total of 274 interns completed the survey. 83.2 % (n=228) interns heard about the term PEP. 93 % said that there should be guidelines regarding PEP in working areas, and 95% said that PEP can reduce the chances of developing AIDS in patients exposed accidentally to the used instrument/syringe. 53.3 % i.e. 146 interns had been pricked accidentally by infected instrument / Syringe. shockingly only 18 % interns went for the right way of PEP i.e. they first washed the prick area under running water, got the lab test of the patient and of self-done and by the time report comes they sought for medical advice and started the drug regimen. Conclusions: As this study as well as other studies in past have revealed that this is not rare for a dental practitioner to get pricked by any infected instrument or syringe during working on dental patients, the education of BDS students in Post Exposure Prophylaxis is mandatory which is not at all a part of BDS curriculum and thereby keeping dental graduates devoid of this life saving knowledge
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Health professionals, especially physicians, medical and dental students are always in direct contact with patients and are vulnerable to the acquisition of infections like hepatitis B.4 Moreover, graduates in dentistry also require advanced health care training, clinical knowledge on infection control.5 Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess and compare the level of awareness and attitude towards hepatitis B infection among medical and dental students of Lucknow. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical and dental students of King George Medical University, Lucknow using a self-structured questionnaire, over the time period of 3 months. This selfadministered questionnaire comprised of 24 closed-ended questions to assess the awareness and attitude of students regarding HBV infection. 100 medical and 100 dental students were selected using simple random sampling method. Results: The study was conducted among 200 medical and dental students. Majority 99(99%) medical students and 98(98%) dental students had heard about hepatitis B infection. 97(97%) medical students thought it was blood borne infection and 93(93%) dental students thought it was a blood borne infection. 99 (99%) medical and 100(100%) dental students thought it was transmitted by all the given routes. It was noticed that only 5(5%) medical and only 4(4%) dental student checked their antibody status after vaccination. It was also noticed that 61(61%) medical and 47 (47%) dental students thought dentist or physician infected with HBV should avoid patient treatment especially surgery. 56(56%) medical and 61 (61%) dental students thought infection of Hep B can be prevented by Hep B Vaccine completely. Conclusion: Majority of medical and dental students have heard about HBV infection, they know about modes of transmission and vaccination schedule. It was noted that, majority of medical and dental students undergo vaccination for hepatitis B, but all of them have not completed all three doses of vaccination. The reason behind this attitude was lack of motivation or they never thought of it. Most of them acknowledged that dentists are at high risk of exposure and every patient undergoing surgical procedure should go for HBV investigation. A significant fraction of medical and dental students infected with HBV did not avoid working on the patients even during surgery. Hence, a regular awareness program for all the students would be very beneficial.
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Introduction: A healthy oral cavity aids a subject inperforming their routine body functions, which in turn helpsin providing adequate nutrition to the body. For the occurrenceof periodontal pathologies and dental caries, one of themajor risk factors is poor oral hygiene. The importance oforal hygiene cannot be detached from the general context ofadolescence. Adolescence has the capability of independentlyattaining adequate oral hygiene but self-awareness is missingin adolescence.Material and methods: The present cross-sectionalstudy was conducted among 12 to 15 years old 199 schoolchildren of Lucknow semi-urban area using a self-structuredquestionnaire. List of schools in the periphery of Lucknowwas searched and 8 schools were chosen using simplerandom technique (2 from every direction). Selected subjectswere analyzed for basic oral health knowledge, attitude,and practices of oral hygiene using the self-structuredquestionnaire. The oral hygiene status was evaluated usingsimplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Oral prophylaxiswas performed and oral health education was given to all thesubjects, using a power point presentation, and tooth brushingmodel. All subjects were reassessed after 4 weeks. The valueswere compared.Results: 199 students were present on both the day ofexamination. All the subjects were taken from 6th and 7thstandard falling into the age range of 12 to 15 years. Significantimprovement in OHI-S scores (before-2.62, After – 1.11) wasobserved in this study. Difference in the number of subjectsgiving correct answer at baseline and second visit was alsosignificant showing improvement in their knowledge andpractice of oral hygiene.Conclusion: School based oral health education program is acost effective strategy which can be implemented using veryless infrastructure and personnel. This study also showed thatoral health education program can improve the knowledge,attitude and practice regarding oral hygiene maintenance.Thus this kind of programs should be conducted regularly inschools.
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Introduction: Work related musculoskeletal disorders are oneof the most common health problem among the dentists andthe most common reason for early retirement from dentistrybecause in dentistry, clinically, working field is confined to avery small area (oral cavity). Ergonomics is highly relevantto preventive and occupational medicine, management ofmusculoskeletal injuries and rehabilitation. The objectives ofthis study was to assess the knowledge and practice towardsErgonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) amongdental population.Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional analyticalstudy, conducted among Interns of various dental colleges ofLucknow, U.P. A set of closed ended twelve questions wereprepared to collect the relevant information pertaining tothis study. Questions were related to assess the knowledgeand practice towards ergonomics and work related musculoskeletal disorders. Type of clinical practice, Dentists workingposition, number of clinical working hours, musculo-skeletalproblem, location of pain, were includedResult: The study sample consisted of 225 dental students(195 BDS interns and 30 MDS students) and 56 privatepractitioners. Majority of subjects i.e. 67.89% studentsand 74.57% practitioners said that they don’t know aboutergonomics at all. 75.57% students and 82.13% practitionersaccepted that practicing dentistry without ergonomicsprinciples can cause musculoskeletal disorders. Only 55.6%students and only 8.92% practitioners were strictly followingthe principles of operator’s position, patient’s position anddental chair’s position while treating patients in dentalclinic. 60.71% practitioners and 26.67% students had pain inshoulders, back or extremities regularly, 26.78% practitionersand 51.11% students had pain sometimes whereas only 12.7%practitioners and 22.23% students never had pain.Conclusion: The key for dental clinicians for staying healthyand fit is to adopt an ergonomic position all the times andadopting yoga/exercise in their daily routine thus preventingthem from developing MSDs. Faculty in the institutions arerequired to teach these principles on ‘need for dentist’s health’basis rather than just as a curriculum since BDS first year sothat prevention of MSDs can be implemented at primary level
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Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents 3% of all the malignant tumours. It is the sixth most commonhuman malignancy. Patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy are exposed to ionizing radiationwhich may damage normal tissue located in the field of radiation. The present study aims to determine thechanges in antioxidants status of pre and post RT saliva samples of HNC patientsMaterials and Methods: The pre and post radiotherapy saliva samples were collected from every patient withhead and neck cancer. The changes in the antioxidant levels of saliva in pre and post radiotherapy salivasamples of head and neck cancer patients was determined.Observation: The three biochemical parameters levels Malondealdehyde, Glutathione peroxidase,Myeloperoxidase decreased following radiotherapy. But the decrease was not statistically significant forGlutathione peroxidase and Myeloperoxidase and highly significant for Malondealdehyde.Conclusion: The Total Antioxidant Capacity increased following radiotherapy and it was observed that afterradiotherapy their increased levels were statistically not significant.
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Background: To study the correlation of clinical features, spirometry, pulse oximetry assessment and haematocrit abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to assess the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by spirometry.Methods: In the present study total 50 cases were selected on the basis of simple random sampling method from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Bommakal, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. During study period from June 2017 to December 2018.Results: About 50 patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were studied. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 50-70 years. COPD was seen predominantly in male patients and majorities were smoker. In the majority of patients, the duration of illness was 6-10 years, cough with expectoration was present in all patients. As the number of cigarettes/day and duration increases the severity of the disease also increases in the studied population. In the study, about 40 % of cases were in stage III disease. Computerised spirometry was found to be most sensitive investigation in diagnosing and assessing the severity of the disease in all these cases. As the severity and duration of the disease increases, they are more prone to develop hypoxia and polycythaemia as a complication. In present study 8 patients had hypoxia, as assessed by pulse oximeter.Conclusions: Computerized spirometry is a very useful investigation in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulse oximetry is a useful tool in diagnosing periods of oxygen desaturation. Pulse oximetry also useful in monitoring the oxygen therapy during management. Haematocrit analysis is a useful adjunct in assessing the severity of the disease. Polycythaemia, even though uncommon in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is one of the rare but preventable complication with early cessation of smoking and with oxygen therapy.
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A total 500 cows were randomly selected from college livestock farm, Kuthuliya and different villages in and around Rewa (M.P.). After recording history all the animals were subjected to gynaeco-clinical examination, Whiteside test and endometrial cytology by cytobrush technique. On the basis of above tests performed all the animals were selected for the study. They were divided into three groups as follows: Normal (n=280), Clinical endometritis (n=80) and Subclinical endometritis (n=140). All the animals were subjected to aseptic collection of uterine fluid by low volume lavage technique. Uterine fluid samples obtained were used for microbial assay and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Among the bacterial isolates Staphylococcus species (36.31%) was highly prevalent. The antibiotic sensitivity of isolates was found to be maximum for ceftriaxone and sulbactum combination 91.67 per cent followed by levofloxacin 89.07, ciprofloxacin 79.69, ceftriaxone 73.43, enrofloxacin 61.45 and gentamicin 56.78 per cent, respectively. It was concluded that Staphylococcus species was highly prevalent bacteria isolated and a combination of ceftriaxone and sulbactum was found to be highly sensitive
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The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the incidence of anoestrus in postpartum buffaloes and compare the intensity of oestrus in anoestrus and oestrus induced buffaloes. A total of 500 postpartum buffaloes were selected from different villages situated around Rewa (M.P.). Calving and breeding history of animals was recorded and Gynaeco-clinical examination. The incidence of anoestrus in postpartum buffaloes was recorded as 33.40 per cent. Out of 167 postpartum buffaloes found to be positive for anoestrus, 24 buffaloes were again randomly divided into three treatment (n=18) and control group (n=06). These treatment group animals were again divided into 03 groups on the basis of hormonal treatment protocols given to animals of groups. Ovsynch group, Heatsynch group, CIDR plus Heatsynch group while control group animals were left untreated. Oestrus intensity score of buffaloes ranged from 80-90, 68-72 and 46-52 in intense, moderate and weak oestrus intensities at induced oestrus respectively, with a mean weighed score of 84.88±1.30, 70.00±0.81 and 49.00±3.00, respectively. Thus it was concluded that the incidence of anoestrus recorded to be 33.40 per cent. Oestrus intensity score card pattern is a good tool to designate intensity of oestrus which has positive relationship with fertility